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9. What is an MD5 hash?

An MD5, much like its predecessor the CRC, is a mathematical
formula. If this formula is applied to an individual file, group of
files, folders or entire drive, it will produce a unique value for
those items. This allows for the integrity and uniqueness of the
applied items to the formula to be verified.

The analogy concerning the hash is as follows:

Statistically speaking, an individual has a greater chance of
walking down the street and finding a lottery ticket for tonight’s
drawing and being the sole winner of that prize having identified
all 7 numbers on the ticket then having a hashed file be modified
and upon re-running the formula against the file, the same value
is produced.